In the United States, about 11 million immigrants live without legal immigration status or have temporary humanitarian protections, according to estimates based on data through 2022. This population is at the center of the political debate due to recent statements by Donald Trump, who has promised to implement a “mass deportation plan” if re-elected.
Top States with Irregular Immigrants
California leads the list of states with the most undocumented immigrants, with approximately 2.2 million people. It is followed by Texas, with 1.8 million, and Florida with 936,000. Other states with significant numbers include New York (672,000), New Jersey (495,000) and Illinois (429,000).
In addition, a high percentage of irregular immigrants reside in states with “sanctuary” policies, such as California, New York, New Jersey and Illinois. These states limit cooperation with federal authorities on immigration issues, offering sanctuary to those living without legal documents.
Immigrant Origin and the Reality of Mixed Households
The majority of irregular immigrants come from Mexico and Central America. Mexico leads the list with 4.8 million immigrants, followed by Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
In terms of family status, approximately 10.1 million irregular immigrants live in households with U.S. citizens or permanent residents. An estimated 5.1 million U.S. children reside with at least one parent without legal immigration status.
Temporary Protection and Legal Challenges
Temporary Protected Status (TPS) offers relief from deportation to approximately 1.1 million immigrants by providing them with work permits. This program covers people from countries affected by conflict, natural disasters or humanitarian crises.
Although former President Trump attempted to eliminate this program during his term in office, federal courts blocked his efforts.
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